理想与现实之间
——汉风建筑的文化特性解读
王挺之
（四川大学历史文化学院，成都，610064）
在历史的研究中，建筑是很重要的研究对象，我们可以借此了解古人的特质与精神文化。建筑物忠实地记录了时人的生活方式与价值观念，是艺术、技术与人生的总和。在当前中国城市化的迅猛的进程中，城市中的历史建筑正在逐渐消失，历史街区也不断地缩小，许多历史文化名城正在面临名存实亡的尴尬局面。另一方面，随着中国经济的高速增长和城市的不断扩大，当代中国又迫切呼唤着中国传统文化的复兴。在这一传统文化复兴的运动中，中国古典建筑成为文化复兴的重要载体，各个城市都在不同程度上复兴历史建筑，有的是对历史建筑进行修葺和加建，更多的是在历史建筑的遗址上进行重建。特别是在中国当前旅游业发展的大趋势下，中国各地纷纷兴起了重修历史建筑的热潮，历史建筑在旅游景区、宗教寺庙、历史街区、甚至整个城镇中被重新修建起来，形成了一个个新建的古街区、古镇和古城。然而，在这一中国历史建筑复兴的热潮中，人们对中国古代建筑的分期、形制、特征以及文化特性并不是十分清晰，往往只是一种历史记忆的模糊再现，有的甚至是对历史建筑的误读，这是需要认真加以研究的。
中国建筑源远流长，汉代建筑以其宏大庄严的形制流传于后世，已成为中国古代建筑的典范。现存汉代建筑以阙为多，本文拟针对现存汉阙实物，通过研究其源流、探究其建筑特点及其所蕴涵的文化特性，同时与当代重建的仿汉建筑加以对照，从而对汉代建筑具有较为深入理解，希望藉此能为当代中国建筑中文化特性缺失问题的解决提供一些有益借鉴。
Between Ideal and Reality:
Interpreting Cultural Implications of Han Architecture
Wang Tingzhi
(School of History and Culture, Sichuan University, Chengdu ,610064)
Abstract:Ancient architecture has been a key subject of historical studies. It reflects various aspects of the ancient people, including their spiritual-cultural characters. Age-old buildings keep a faithful record of their residents’ way of life and values, their arts and crafts, and the past life in general.
In China today, rapid urbanisation has been wiping out historical structures and squeezing old-time districts out of towns and cities. Many historico-culturally famous towns and cities are disappearing in all but name.
Meanwhile, with a booming economy and burgeoning cities, China is calling for a revival of its traditional culture. As a result, classical-style architecture is seeing a rebirth. In some cases, extant historical buildings are rehabilitated and expanded, but far more often new structures are being erected on historical sites.
Compounded by a desire to boost tourism, waves of re-making historical structures are sweeping across the land. Newly-built “historical” structures are fashioning some urban districts – or even towns and cities in their entirety – into a pseudo-antique world.
Yet, amid the zest for reconstruction, there is little awareness of the periodisation, physical description and features, and cultural characters of ancient buildings in China.Frequently one finds in the modern copies some fuzzy remembrance of history, or even some misreading of the original model. This is a problem that needs addressing.
Chinese architecture has a long history, and that of the Han Dynasty (221 BC – AD 220) has been admired throughout history particularly for its majestic grandeur, to be modelled in later ages. Of the extant Han structures the gate-pillars (阙) form the bulk. This paper attempts to explore their origin and development, architectural features, and cultural implications. It also seeks, by comparing these gate-pillars with today’s mock-Han buildings, to increase awareness of the real Han architecture, and to offer suggestions on how to solve the above-said problem.