隋唐洛阳东城形制布局的演变
霍 宏 伟
（四川大学历史文化学院, 成都, 610064）
隋唐洛阳城，与西京长安并称“东西两京”，在中国都城史上具有重要地位。隋唐洛阳东城，位于宫城、皇城与洛北里坊区之间，始筑于隋大业九年，唐代沿用，北宋设洛阳监，金代在此基础上营建中京城，对元明清三代洛阳城产生了深远影响。
- 东城城墙、城门、街道及渠道
相继发掘了东、南、西三面城墙，初步掌握了城墙的基本结构与营建年代。东城有3座城门，仅揭露出东门宣仁门遗址。钻探出南北向纵街一条，发掘出东顺城街。在城内发现有时代早晚关系的渠道5条，在东墙外清理出由唐代泄城渠改建的北宋护城濠1条。
- 城内布局的复原与演变
- 隋代东城
隋大业九年营建东城的历史背景，是杨玄感起兵围攻东都，各地农民纷纷起义。以4条横街将东城内划分为4个区域，分别设置衙署。
- 唐代东城
街道由隋代的4条横街改为两纵三横。唐代长寿年间，李昭德修缮尚书省，考古发掘出4座砖瓦窑址。
- 北宋洛阳监
城内布局的继承与发展，在唐代尚书省址揭露出宋代门址与衙署庭园遗址。
- 金代中京城
以东城作为全城的西半部，缩小城市范围，营建中京城。
三、隋唐东城对明清洛阳老城的影响
（一）东城形制布局与老城的关系
东西大街 → 东大街 →隋唐外郭城上东门街
明清老城十字街——西大街→隋唐东城宣仁门大道
南北大街 → 隋唐外郭城徽安门街
（二）东城性质、功能的影响
Changes of the Spatial Organisation of the Eastern City of Luoyang of Sui and Tang dynasties
Huo Hongwei
(Department of Archaeology,
School of Culture and History, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064)
In Sui and Tang dynasties, the city of Luoyang and the western capital of Changan were collectively named “The Two Capitals of the East and West”, playing important roles in the history of Chinese capitals. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the Eastern City of Luoyang was situated between the palace complex, royal city and the grid-patterned district in the north of Luoyang. Luoyang was first built in the ninth year of the Daiye period of Sui dynasty and its setup remained until Tang dynasty. In Northern Song dynasty, Administration of Luoyang was set up. Built on the foundation set earlier was the City of Middle Capital by the Jin dynasty, which exerted long-lasting influences to the city of Luoyang in the three dynasties of Yuan, Ming and Qing.
1. Wall, Gate, Street & Lane and Drainage of Eastern City
The walls in the east, south and west of the Eastern City were excavated in succession. The overall structure and the time of construction of these walls are basically known. There were three gates in the Eastern City. Only the site of Xuanren Gate in the east has been unearthed. Also excavated is a street of north-south orientation, the Street of Dongshun City. Inside the city were discovered five drains of different periods. Outside the Eastern wall was found one city moat of Northern Song dynasty which was modified from a sewage drain of Tang dynasty.
2. Restoration and Changes of the Spatial Organisation inside the City
a.Eastern City in Sui Dynasty
The historical background of building the Eastern City in the ninth year of the Daiye period of Sui dynasty was that Yang Xungang besieged Eastern City and farmers’ uprisings surged in all places. Four side streets were used to divide Eastern City into four zones, each with respective government’s house set up.
b. Eastern City in Tang dynasty
The street system changed from being four side streets in Sui dynasty to two vertical and three horizontal ones in Tang dynasty. During the Changshou period of Tang dynasty, Li Zhaode reformed the secretariat of document, making archaeological discovery of four sets of brick kilns.
c. Administration of Luoyang in Northern Song dynasty
The inheritance and development of the spatial organization inside the city; on the site of the secretariat of document of Tang dynasty was discovered the foundation of the city gate and site of the courtyard of the government office of Song dynasty.
d. City of the Middle Capital in Jin dynasty
The Eastern City took up the western part of the whole city. The city area was reduced to build the City of the Middle Capital
3. Influences of the Eastern City in Sui and Tang dynasties to the old city of Luoyang in Ming and Qing dynasties
a. Relation between the spatial organization of the Eastern city and the old city
东西大街East West Main Street →东大街 East Main Street→隋唐外郭城上东门街Upper Eastern Gate Street of Waiguo City in Sui and Tang dynasties
明清老城十字街Cross Street of the old city in Ming and Qing dynasties ——西大街 West Main Street→隋唐东城宣仁门大道 Xuanren Gate Main Street of Eastern City in Sui and Tang dynasties
南北大街 South North Main Street→隋唐外郭城徽安门街 Huian Gate Street of Waiguo City in Sui and Tang dynasties
b. Eastern City’s Nature, Functions and Influences